冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)又名溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)或高(gao)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)考(kao)核產品(pin)對周圍環境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)急(ji)劇變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)適應(ying)性，是(shi)裝備設(she)計定型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)鑒定試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)(he)批產階(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)例行試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中****的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，在(zai)(zai)有些情況下也可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)環境(jing)應(ying)力(li)篩選試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)在(zai)(zai)驗(yan)證和(he)(he)提高(gao)裝備的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)適應(ying)性方面應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)頻度(du)(du)僅次(ci)于(yu)(yu)振動與高(gao)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)一(yi)種重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)物理(li)性能試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)方法(fa)，它可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)檢測物質(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)**溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)條件下的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化情況。通常，冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)短時(shi)間內將樣品(pin)從(cong)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)狀態(tai)迅(xun)速轉變(bian)到高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)狀態(tai)，或者將樣品(pin)從(cong)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)狀態(tai)迅(xun)速轉變(bian)到低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)狀態(tai)。冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)有很多種，具體的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)時(shi)間可以根據(ju)物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)性質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)要(yao)求來(lai)調(diao)整。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)來(lai)說，冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)范圍是(shi)從(cong)-50℃到150℃，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)間從(cong)幾秒鐘到幾分鐘不(bu)等(deng)。冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)標準一(yi)般(ban)(ban)包括沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)間、沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)、沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曲(qu)線、沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)次(ci)數(shu)和(he)(he)復原溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)等(deng)。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)來(lai)說，冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)范圍應(ying)該在(zai)(zai)0℃到150℃之間，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)間應(ying)該在(zai)(zai)2分鐘以內，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曲(qu)線應(ying)該是(shi)線性的(de)(de)(de)，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)次(ci)數(shu)應(ying)該是(shi)5次(ci)以上，復原溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)應(ying)該在(zai)(zai)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)目的(de)(de)(de)驗(yan)證樣品(pin)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)快速變(bian)化條件下使用(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)儲存的(de)(de)(de)狀況。冷(leng)熱(re)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)原理(li)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)急(ji)劇變(bian)化時(shi)，由于(yu)(yu)熱(re)脹(zhang)冷(leng)縮效應(ying)引起交變(bian)應(ying)力(li)，造成(cheng)材料開裂、接觸不(bu)良(liang)、性能變(bian)化等(deng)現(xian)象。

冷熱沖擊試驗的方法

1.試驗前對(dui)受試樣品進行機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)(外(wai)觀和內部結構)和電(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)檢查，保(bao)證樣品機(ji)械性(xing)能(neng)和電(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)正常。

2.將(jiang)樣(yang)品(pin)合理的(de)布置(zhi)于冷熱沖(chong)擊箱(xiang)(xiang)中，樣(yang)品(pin)和溫(wen)度箱(xiang)(xiang)四壁間應留有(you)足(zu)夠大的(de)空間，以(yi)便于空氣流通(tong)。

3.按標準規范選擇冷熱沖(chong)擊試驗(yan)條件。

4.選定冷熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)試驗(yan)從高溫(wen)開始，按啟動(dong)鍵(jian)啟動(dong)冷熱(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)試驗(yan)。

5.試驗(yan)進行設(she)定的循(xun)環次數后自動停止(zhi)。

6.試(shi)驗(yan)結(jie)束后將樣品(pin)從冷熱沖(chong)擊箱中取(qu)出，在(zai)常溫下恢復直至樣品(pin)溫度穩定。

7.觀(guan)察試驗后的(de)樣品有(you)無機械損傷(如表面翹曲、破裂、元器件(jian)松動、脫落(luo)等(deng))并檢查(cha)電氣性能有(you)無異(yi)常。

8.如果樣品發生上述的(de)機械損傷或電氣(qi)性能(neng)指標(biao)不符合相關規范，即認為樣品也損壞，詳細填寫試驗記錄表。

9.對試驗暴露(lu)的薄(bo)弱環節進(jin)行分析，提出改進(jin)措施。

10.對(dui)樣(yang)品進行修復或(huo)改進，如沒有出現(xian)損(sun)傷，應增加溫(wen)度沖擊(ji)量等(deng)級，按(an)標準(zhun)取溫(wen)度沖擊(ji)試驗(yan)條件中普通元(yuan)件制(zhi)成板等(deng)級或(huo)表(biao)貼(tie)元(yuan)件制(zhi)成板等(deng)級繼續試驗(yan)，直(zhi)至樣(yang)品損(sun)壞(huai)。

冷熱(re)(re)沖擊試驗是一(yi)種重要(yao)的(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)試驗方法(fa)，它能(neng)(neng)夠發現(xian)物質(zhi)在**溫度狀態下可能(neng)(neng)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)，可以(yi)很好地評價物質(zhi)的(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)。所以(yi)，把冷熱(re)(re)沖擊試驗作為(wei)一(yi)個標準，是非(fei)常有意義的(de)(de)